What is the primary purpose of vertical ventilation?

• A. To remove heat and smoke from upper levels and establish an exhaust path.
• B. To remove heat and smoke from upper levels and establish an exhaust path.
• C. To vent smoke through the floor.
• D. To remove smoke by directing it into the attic.

Answer: (B)

Vertical ventilation aims to remove heat and smoke from the upper levels and create an exhaust path to the outside. Opening a roof or high vent establishes a rising flow that pulls cooler air in from below and pushes hot gases out, which lowers the upper-level temperature, improves visibility, and makes conditions safer for interior firefighters and for locating the seat of the fire. Venting through the floor or directing smoke into an attic does not effectively clear the upper levels and can push heat and smoke into other spaces, worsening conditions.